In physicians’ pursuit to help patients heal, a wide variety of treatments were developed, some futile and some pioneering. The Burns Therapy & Treatments Collection documents one of the largest and diverse ranges of their endeavors. Physicians were no less smart or innovative centuries ago than they are today; however, they labored under inferior knowledge and technology. Among the most rare images are the only known early photographs of bloodletting and skull trepanation, as well as early phrenology, cupping, ultrasounds, full body heat therapies, and psychiatric treatments.